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A Lifestyle Intervention Study in Patients with Diabetes or Impaired Glucose Tolerance: Translation of a Research Intervention into Practice

School of Health, Physical Education and Leisure Services, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls (OAM)
Northeast Iowa Family Medicine Residency and College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Waterloo (JDH)

Correspondence: Corresponding author: Oksana A. Matvienko, PhD, School of Health, Physical Education and Leisure Services, 133 Wellness/Recreation Center, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA 50614-0241 (E-mail: oksana.matvienko{at}uni.edu)

Objective: The objectives of this study were to translate a research-validated lifestyle modification curriculum of the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) into a community-based program delivered by trained graduate students on a university campus and determine whether this delivery approach is effective in lowering risk factors of type 2 diabetes in at-risk adults.

Methods: A convenience sample of 29 prediabetic or type 2 diabetic patients completed a 12-month behavior modification intervention to achieve and maintain at least 7% weight loss and become more active. Changes in weight, waist and hip circumferences, blood pressure, metabolic biomarkers, physical activity levels, and medication were assessed.

Results: At 6 and 12 months, 39% and 56% of patients had lost 5% of their weight. The mean weight loss at 12 months was 6%. Significant improvements were noted in most other anthropometric measurements and diastolic BP (–4.1 mm Hg). Significant reductions in total cholesterol (–11.7%), LDL-C (–7.6%), and HDL-C (–6.5%) were observed by 6 months but not at 12 months. Fasting glucose (–12%), systolic BP (–8.4 mm Hg), and diastolic BP (–7.0 mm Hg) were significantly improved in a subgroup of participants with at least 5% weight loss. HbA1c levels were associated with percentage weight loss. Twenty-seven percent of participants on diabetes medication had their drug discontinued.

Conclusion: Weight-related findings of this study are comparable with those of the DPP. DPP curriculum implemented in a nonclinical setting can help some adults at-risk for or in early stages of diabetes improve anthropometric and certain metabolic outcomes.

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